facts8


 * Confirmed observations: body image:**

B021) Up to now, all the attempts to reproduce a copy of the TS [Shroud of Turin] similar in all the detected characteristics has failed (Carreira 1998, Fanti 2004). B022) The most of the prominent parts in the vertical direction (nose, beard, sole, calf) of the body image are marked (Fanti 2003). B023) The hair on the front image is soft and not matted as would be expected if it were soaked with a liquid (Fanti 2004). B024) When their lengths are measured, the dorsal image is longer than the ventral image in a manner similar to the imprint on a sheet of a man having the head tilted forwards, his knees slightly bent, and his feet extended (Craig 2003; Cagnazzo 1997-98; Fanti 2000). B025) The frontal body image (195 cm long) is compatible, within an uncertainty of +/-2 cm, with the dorsal image (202 m long) if it is supposed that the TS [Shroud of Turin] enveloped a corpse having the head tilted forward, the knees partially bent and the feet stretched forwards and downwards (Basso 2000). B026) Based on cloth measurements (Baima Bollone 1978), the image corresponds to a man 175+/-2 cm tall (Simionato 1998-99; Faraon 1998-1999; Basso 2000). B027) The body image has the normal tones of light and dark reversed with respect to a photograph, such that parts nearer to the cloth are darker (Jumper 1984, Craig 2004, Schneider 2004). B028) The luminance distribution of both the frontal and dorsal images has been correlated to the clearances between a three-dimensional surface of the body and a covering cloth (Quidor 1913, Sullivan 1973, Gastineau 1974, Jackson 1977, 1982, 1984, Fanti 2001, Moran 2002). B029) The luminance distribution of the body image can be correlated with a highly directional mapping function (Jackson 1977, 1982, 1984). B030) The body image shows non-directional light sources in the sense that there are no shadows, cast shadows, highlights, and reflected lights in or on the body image (Moran 2002; Craig 2003). B031) The absence of saturation implies that the image formation did not "go to completion", i.e. it did not produce the maximum number of conjugated carbon-carbon double bonds (Rogers 2003, Gilbert a1980: fig. 8 and 10). B032) In correspondence of image sections of cylindrical elements such as legs, the luminance levels variation approximates a sinusoidal law (Fanti 2004). B033) In reference to a cloth wrapping a body, there is no evidence of body image formation at the sides of the body on both the frontal and dorsal TS [Shroud of Turin] images (Adler 1999; Moran 2002). B034) The Fourier transform of the body image shows a nearly continuous spectrum in correspondence to the spatial frequencies up to 100 [1/m] (Fanti 1999; Maggiolo 2002/03). B035) The body image indicates the absence of brush strokes (Lorre 1977). B036) The frontal image, at least in correspondence to the head, is doubly superficial (Fanti and Maggiolo 2004). B037) The fingers in the image appear to be longer than average for a man, but they are still within the normal range (Gaussian distribution) (Heller 1983, Whanger 2005). B038) Image distortions of hands, calves and torso on the TS [Shroud of Turin] of are very close to those obtained by a man enveloped on a sheet (Ercoline 1982; Simionato 1998/99; Fanti and Faraon 2000; Fanti 2001). B039) The very high rigidity of the body is evident on the back image especially in correspondence of the buttocks: the anatomical contours of the back image demonstrate minimal surface flattening (Bucklin 1982; Basso 2000). B040) The image of the TS [Shroud of Turin] Man, shows the effects (wounds) of many pointed objects (Bucklin 1982, Ricci 1989). B041) The tibio-femural anthropometric index of the image of the TS [Shroud of Turin] Man is 83% (Fanti 1999). B042) No broken bones are evident on the body image (Bucklin 1982, Ricci 1989). B043) There is a swelling on the face over the right cheek (Bucklin 1982). B044) There is a slight deviation of the nose and at the tip of the nose is an area of discoloration (Bucklin 1982). B045) A body image is visible in areas of body-sheet non-contact zones, such as those between nose and cheek (Fanti 2004).